Oxidation reactions of derivatives of cis-octalins promoted by thallium trinitrate (TTN)

The reaction of ten cis-octalins and cis-octalones with thallium trinitrate (TTN) leads to different products, depending mainly on the substitution pattern of the substrate. Functionalized cis-hydrindanes were obtained from the reaction of 1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-4a-methylnaphthalene and of 1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-4a,7-dimethylnaphthalene with TTN in acetonitrile, whereas a cyclic ether was formed treating 1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-6,8a-dimethylnaphthalen-1-ol with TTN in trimethylorthoformate (TMOF).FAPESPCNPqCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES

Integrated multivariate analysis to identify superior cowpea genotypes.

Genetic divergence among 40 cowpea genotypes was quantified by means of integrated multivariate analysis aiming to assist the selection and development of new cultivars. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks design with 40 treatments and 4 repetitions. The multivariate techniques applied were partially concordant, following the same trend for clustering of genotypes. Directed crosses between the genotypes belonging to group I with group IV and VI will be able to lead to the creation of segregating families with high yield potential and an increase in probability of recovering individuals. The variables of hundred grain weight, average pod length and number of seeds per pod are the main determinants in quantification of the genetic divergence among cultivars.Genetic divergence among 40 cowpea genotypes was quantified by means of integrated multivariate analysis aiming to assist the selection and development of new cultivars. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks design with 40 treatments and 4 repetitions. The multivariate techniques applied were partially concordant, following the same trend for clustering of genotypes. Directed crosses between the genotypes belonging to group I with group IV and VI will be able to lead to the creation of segregating families with high yield potential and an increase in probability of recovering individuals. The variables of hundred grain weight, average pod length and number of seeds per pod are the main determinants in quantification of the genetic divergence among cultivars

Control failure likelihood and spatial dependence of insecticide resistance in the tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta

Insecticide resistance is a likely cause of field control failures of Tuta absoluta, but the subject has been little studied. Therefore, resistance to ten insecticides was surveyed in seven representative field populations of this species. The likelihood of control failures was assessed, as well as weather influence and the spatial dependence of insecticide resistance. No resistance or only low resistance levels were observed for pyrethroids (bifenthrin and permethrin), abamectin, spinosad, Bacillus thuringiensis and the mixture deltamethrin + triazophos (<12.5-fold). In contrast, indoxacarb exhibited moderate levels of resistance (up to 27.5-fold), and chitin synthesis inhibitors exhibited moderate to high levels of resistance (up to 222.3-fold). Evidence of control failures was obtained for bifenthrin, permethrin, diflubenzuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron and B. thuringiensis. Weather conditions favour resistance to some insecticides, and spatial dependence was observed only for bifenthrin and permethrin. Insecticide resistance in field populations of the tomato pinworm prevails for the insecticides nowadays most frequently used against them – the chitin synthesis inhibitors (diflubenzuron, triflumuron and teflubenzuron). Local selection favoured by weather conditions and dispersal seem important for pyrethroid resistance evolution among Brazilian populations of T. absoluta and should be considered in designing pest management programmes

Correlação entre volume globular e Famacha em caprinos pertencentes ao quarto lote de animais resistentes e susceptíveis a Haemonchus contortus.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi correlacionar o volume globular com a coloração da mucosa ocular verificada pelo método Famacha de controle da verminose em caprinos pertencentes ao quarto lote de animais com diferentes graus de resistência na região semi-árida do Nordeste brasileiro. Baseados na contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), caprinos jovens F2 (½ sangue Anglo-nubiana x ½ sangue Saanen) foram classificados em resistentes (n=12) e susceptíveis (n=12) a Haemonchus contortus. Semanalmente observou-se a coloração da mucosa ocular e foi realizada a coleta de sangue para a determinação do volume globular. Para as análises de correlação entre VG e Famacha, foram considerados os valores de VG&#8804;19%, VG&#8804;22% e VG&#8804;27% e dos graus Famacha 3, 4 e 5 como ponto de corte. O ponto de corte de VG19 não foi adequado para avaliar a correlação entre a coloração da mucosa ocular e o Famacha, sendo que o valor de VG22 apresentou maior sensibilidade, portanto mais adequado para esta espécie. Correlation between packed cell volume and Famacha in goats belonging to fourth batch from resistant and susceptible animals to Haemonchus contortus Abstract: The aim of this study was to correlate the packed cell volume with Famacha method to endoparasites control in goats with different degrees of resistance in semi-arid region of the Northeast of Brazil. Based on EPG (eggs per gram) counts, young goats F2 (½ blood Anglo-Nubian x Saanen ½ blood) were classified as resistant (n=12) and susceptible (n=12) to Haemonchus contortus infections. Weekly, the color of ocular mucosal was observed according to Famacha method and blood was was collected to determine the packed cell volume. For correlation analysis between packed cell volume and Famacha were considered values of VG?19%, VG?22% and VG?27% and The VG19 it was not an ideal parameter to evaluated the correlation between the color of ocular mucosa and Famacha, whereas the VG22 was the most sensible, being the best value to be used as cutoff in goats F2

BayesMortalityPlus: A package in R for Bayesian graduation of mortality modelling

The BayesMortalityPlus package provides a framework for modelling and predicting mortality data. The package includes tools for the construction of life tables based on Heligman-Pollard laws, and also on dynamic linear smoothers. Flexibility is available in terms of modelling so that the response variable may be modeled as Poisson, Binomial or Gaussian. If temporal data is available, the package provides a Bayesian implementation for the well-known Lee-Carter model that allows for estimation, projection of mortality over time, and assessment of uncertainty of any linear or nonlinear function of parameters such as life expectancy. Illustrations are considered to show the capability of the proposed package to model mortality data

Atributos microbiológicos do solo de sistemas de manejo em condições de Cerrado.

FERTBIO 2010